Exploration of species diversity and vegetation pattern in submontane Terai belt forest of North Bengal, Eastern Himalaya

Authors

  • Sharma P Depart of Botany, Samastipur College, LN Mithila University, Samastipur, Bihar

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70035/ijarts.2023.2118-24

Keywords:

Vegetative community, Ecological diversity, Plant species, Diversity index, Evenness

Abstract

The current study was done with the aim to investigate the diversity of some selected plants present in the Gorumara National Park of West Bengal, India. In the study, single plant representatives of ten vegetative families (herb, shrubs and small tree) were taken under consideration in ten different plots. Vegetation (tree, shrub and herbaceous species) study was considered with the plot size (20 x 20) m. for small tree species, (5x5) m. and (1x1) m. for shrubs and herbs species. The data revealed that, the selection of dominant plant species had been done including species of one small tree, five shrubs, three herbs and one fern in the experimental side. The most frequently distributed plant species found in the area of study was Cynodon dectylon (L.) Persoon(89 %) within 3187 plants of ten families counted by the total quadrates. Density was highest for the plant species Cynodon dectylon (L.) Persoon (8.11) followed by Lantana camara (L.) (7.86). Relative abundance of ten selected species in the area obtained was 0.314% with evenness 0.837. From the study the indices of species diversity were calculated and the data revealed that the vegetative community of the selected ten plant species of the Gorumara National park was distributed with the Simpson index 0.18 and Shannon index of plant species diversity 1.93 in the pre-monsoon season of this year. The study showed that the dominated plant community of the forest were the tiny plants like Cynodon dectylon (L.) followed by terrestrial fern Dryopteris sparsa (D. Don) Kuntze and invasive plant like Lantana camara (L). The Shannon diversity index (1.93) reflects moderate diversity of selected plant species in the forest community.

References

References

Chauhan NS. 1999 Medicinal and aromatic plants of Himachal Pradesh. Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi, India.

Champion HG. and Seth SK. 1968 A revised survey of the forest types of India. Manager of Publications, Delhi, India Brandis.

Dawid-Pać R. 2013 Medicinal plants used in treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. J. 30(3): 170-7. doi: 10.5114/pdia.2013.35620.

Kiritikar KR. and Basu BD. 1987 Indian Medicinal Plants. Vol. 3. 2nd ed. In: Kirtikar KR, Basu BD (eds). Dehra Dun, India: International book distributors; 2061-2062.

Bagepalli S., Kumar A., Kuruba L., Korala K., Jayaveera N., Devangam SS., Murugan CS. and Bachappa M. 2009 Antinociceptive and Antipyretic Activities of Amaranthus Viridis Linn in Different Experimental Models. Avicenna J.Med . Biotech. 1(3): 167-171.

Harley RM., Atkins S. and Budantsev AL. 2004 The Family and Genera of Vascular Plants. vol. VII. Berlin; Heidelberg, Germany: Springer-Verlag. ISBN: 978-3-540-40593-1. “Labiatae” pages: 167-275.

Mabberley DJ. 2008 Mabberley's Plant-book. 3rd ed. UK: Cambridge University Press; 2008. ISBN: 978-0-521-82071-4.

Khare CP. 2008 Indian Medicinal Plants: An Illustrated Dictionary. Springer-verlag. p. 160.

Calis I., Hosny M., Yuruker A. and Inerminosides A. 1994 C and D, three novel iridoid glycosides from Clerodendrum inerme. Phytochemistry. 37:1083-1085. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89533-3.

Harbone JB. 1984 Phytochemical Methods, Guide to Modern Techniques of Plants Analysis. 2nd ed. London, UK: Chapman and Hall; 37-76.

Nishida R., Kawai K., Amano T. and Kuwahara Y. 2004 Pharnacophagous feeding stimulate activity of neoclerodane diterpenoids for the turnip sawfly, Athalia rosae ruficornis. Biochem. Syst Ecol. 32(1):15-25. DOI:10.1016/S0305-1978(03)00160-1.

Achari B., Chaudhuri C., Saha CR., Dutta PK. and Pakrashi SC. 1990 A clerodane diterpene and other constituents of Clerodendron inerme. Phytochem. 29: 3671-3673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85302-V.

Subramanian SS., Nair AGR. and Vedantham TNC. 1973 (24, S)-ethylcholesta-5, 22, 25-triene-3b-ol from four Clerodendrum species. Phytochem. 12: 2078-2079.

Ganapaty S. and Rao DV. 1985 Triterpenoids of the stem bark of Cleodendrum nerifolium. Indian J. Pharm. Sci. 47:167e168.

Sinha NK., Seth KK., Pandey VB., Dasgupta B. and Shah AH. 1981 Flavonoids from the flowers of Clerodendron infortunatum. Planta Med. 42(7):296-298. DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-971645.

Chae S., Kang KA., Ju SK., Jin WH. and Kang SS. 2006 Trichotomoside: a new antioxidative phenylpropanoid glycoside from Clerodendron trichotomum. Chem. Biodivers. 3(1):41-48.

Kim KH., Kim S., Min YJ., Ham IH. and Wan KW. 2009 Anti-inflammatory phenylpropanoid glycosides from Clerodendron trichotomum leaves. Arch. Pharm. Res. 32(10):7-13. doi: 10.1007/s12272-009-1112-6.

Akihisa T., Ghosh P., Thakur S., Nagata H., Tamura T. and Matsumoto T. 1990 24, 24-dimethyl-25-dehydrolophenol, a 4a-methylsterol from Clerodendrum inerme. Phytochem. 29(5):1639-1641. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)80137-6.

Xu RL., Wang R., Wei H. and Shi YP. 2014 New cyclohexylethanoids from the leaves of Clerodendrum trichotomum. Phytochem. Lett. 7:111-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2013.10.010.

Jadeja R., Thounaojam M., Ansarullah A., Ramchandran AV. and Devkar R. 2009 Phytochemical constituents and free radical scavenging activity of Clerodendron glandulosum Coleb methanolic extract. J. Compl. Integr. Med. 6(1):1-23. DOI:10.2202/1553-3840.1226.

Adsersen A., Adsersen H. and Brimer L. 1988 Cyanogenic constituents in plants from the Galapagos Islands. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 16(1):65-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(88)90120-2.

Jiangsu New Medical College Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1975 Shanghai Science and Technology Press: Shanghai, China. 447.

Randall RP. 2012 A global compendium of weeds. Dpt. Agric. Food Western Australia, 1124.

Holm LG., Plucknett DL., Pancho JV. and Herberger JP. 1977 The World’s Worst Weeds. Distribution and Biology. Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: University Press of Hawaii.

Harlan JR. 1970 Cynodon species and their value for grazing and hay. Herbage Abstracts 40(3): 233-238.

Burton G. and Hanna W. 1985 Bermuda grass. In Heath M., Barnes R., Metcalfe D. ed. Forages the science ofgrassland agriculture. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa. 643. 247-254.

Harlan JR. and de Wet JMJ. 1969 Sources of variation in Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Crop Sci. 9(6): 774-778. doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1969.0011183X000900060031x.

Fernandez ON. 2003 Establishment of Cynodon dactylon from stolon and rhizome fragments. Weed Res. 43(2): 130-138. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-3180.2003.00324.x.

Sam CK., Kesavan-Padmaja LCK., Soon SC. and Lim AOEK. 1998 A study of pollen prevalence in relation to pollen allergy in Malaysian asthmatics. Asian Pac. J. Aller. Immunol. 16(1): 1-4.

Kissmann K. 1991. Plantasinfestantes e nocivas. Basf Brasileria 317-321.

Dubey G., Shahu P., Sahu R., Kumar S., Hasan SA., Dwivedi S., Kukreja AK., Sharma A., Singh A K., Sharma S. and Tewari R. 2000 Role of plants in different religious ceremonies common to Bundelkhand region of Madhya Pradesh. Proceedings of the National Seminar on the Frontiers of Research and Development in Medicinal Plants, Lucknow, India. Med. Aroma. Plant Sci. J. (22): 542-545.

Auddy B., Ferreira M., Blasina F., Lafon L., Arredondo F., Dajas F., Tripathi PC., Seal T. and Mukherjee B. 2003 Screening of antioxidant activity of three Indian medicinal plants, traditionally used for the management of neurodegenerative diseases. J. Ethnopharmacol. 85(2-3): 131-138. doi: 10.1016/s0378-8741(02)00322-7.

Paranjpe P. 2001. Durva. In: Indian Medicinal Plants: Forgotten Healers. 1st Edn., Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan, Delhi. 5-76.

Sessa EB., Zhang LB., Va¨re H. and Jusle´n A. 2015 What We Do (and Don’t) Know About Ferns: Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae) as a Case Study. System. Bot. 40(2): 387–399. DOI 10.1600/036364415X688844.

Jenett-Siems K., Schimming T., Kalog M., Eicha E., Siems K., Gupta MP., Witte LH. and Artmann T. 1998 Pyrrolizidine alkaloids of Ipomoea hederifolia and related species. Phytochem. 7(8):1551-1560.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01082-0.

Amor-Prats D. and Harborn J B. 1993 New sources of ergoline alkaloids within the genus Ipomoea. Biochem. System. Ecol. 21(4): 455-461. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(93)90104-Y.

Khare CP. 2007 Indian Medicinal Plants - An Illustrated Dictionary. Berlin, Spring.

Kirtikar KR. and Basu BD. 1956 Indian medicinal plants. New Delhi, India. 2006.

Chopra RN., Nayar SL. and Chopra IC. 1956 Glossary of Indian medicinal plants. CSIR New Delhi, India, 256.

Sarkar A. 2009 Mulberry breeding. Kalyani Publishers,New Delhi. 208.

Sang HL., Sang YC., Hocheol K., Jae SH., Byeong GL. and Jian JG. 2002 Mulberroside F Isolated from the Leaves of Morus alba Inhibits Melanin Biosynthesis. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 25 (8):1045-1048. DOI: 10.1248/bpb.25.1045.

Kerharo J. and Adam JG. 1974 La pharmacopée sénégalaise traditionnelle: plantes médicinales et toxiques. Ed Vigot frères Paris.

Singh KN. and Lal B. 2006 Notes on Traditional Uses of Khair (Acacia catechu Willd.) by Inhabitants of Shivalik Range in Western Himalaya. Ethnobot. Leaflets. 2006(1), Art. 12.

Thangavelu L., Balusamy SR., Shanmugam RK., Sivanesan SK., Devaraj E., Rajagopalan V., Veeraiyan DN., Chellappan D K., Dua K., Kim Y J. and Perumalsamy H. 2020 Evaluation of the sub-acute toxicity of Acacia catechu Willd seed extract in a Wistar albino rat model. Regulat. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 113: 104640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104640.

Eluwa MC. 1977 Studies on G. rhomboidalis (Boheman) (coleoptera: Curculionidea), a pest of African spinach. J. Nat. Hist. 11: 417 – 424. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222937700770331.

Cragg GM. and Newman DJ. 2013 Natural products: a continuing source of novel drug leads. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1830(6):3670-3695. doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.02.008.

Gorumara National Park Brochure. 2005 published by Divisional Forest Officer, Wildlife Division-II, Jalpaiguri Directorate of Forests, Government of West Bengal.

Oosting HJ. 1958 The study of Plant Communities, W. H. Freeman and Co., USA : 43- 46.

Curtis JT. 1959 The Vegetation of Wiscosin, University Wisconsin Press, Madison.

Mishra D., Mishra TK. and Bannerjee SK. 1997 Comparative Phytosociological and Soil Physico-Chemical Aspects Between Managed and Unmanaged Lateritic land. Ann. For. 5 (1):16- 25.

Shannon CE. and Wiener W. 1963 The Mathematical Theory of Communication Univ. Illinois Press, Urbana.

Bröcher M., Ebeling A., Hertzog L. Roscher C., Weisser W. and Meyer ST. 2023 Effects of plant diversity on species-specific herbivory: patterns and mechanisms. Oecologia. 201: 1053–1066. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-023-05361-6.

Xu S., Yuan Y., Song P., Cui M., Zhao R., Song X., Cao M., Zhang Y. and Yang J. 2023 The spatial patterns of diversity and their relationships with environments in rhizosphere microorganisms and host plants differ along elevational gradients. Front Microbiol. 14: 1079113. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1079113.

Downloads

Published

2023-06-30

How to Cite

Sharma, P. (2023). Exploration of species diversity and vegetation pattern in submontane Terai belt forest of North Bengal, Eastern Himalaya. International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Science, 2(1), 18–24. https://doi.org/10.70035/ijarts.2023.2118-24

Issue

Section

Original Research Article